7#$vvt$$$ .  `>x *$s: This file contains Appendix B from Vorsatz, Diana, Leslie Shown, Jonathan G. Koomey, Mithra Moezzi, Andrea Denver, and Barbara Atkinson. 1997. Lighting Market Sourcebook. Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBNL-39102. December. Contact Leslie Shown (LJShown@lbl.gov) with questions on this report, or go to the web page http://enduse.lbl.gov/Projects/LMS.html. General Lighting Overviews Atkinson, Barbara, Andrea Denver, James E. McMahon, Leslie Shown, and Robert Clear. 1995. "Energy-Efficient Lighting Technologies and Their Applications in the Commercial and Residential Sectors". In CRC Handbook of Energy Efficiency. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 399-427. Audin, L., D. Houghton, M. Shephard, and W. Hawthorne. 1994. Lighting Technology Atlas. Boulder, Colorado: E Source, Inc. Berman S, M. Horowitz, C. Blumstein, V. Adams, K. Anderson, P. Caesar, R. Clear, D. Goldstein, B. Greene, D. Gustafson, E. Kahn, L. King, and R. Weisenmiller. 1976. Electrical Energy Consumption in California: Data Collection and Analysis. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Report # UC-3847. July. Eley Associates. 1993. Advanced Lighting Guidelines: 1993. San Francisco, CA: Eley Associates. Prepared by Eley Associates, Luminae Souter Lighting Design, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission, and Electric Power Research Institute. DOE/EE-0008. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 1996. Annual Energy Outlook 1997, with Projections to 2015. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA. DOE/EIA-0383(97). December. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume I, California Baseline Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume IV, Recommendations Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES). 1993. Lighting Handbook: Reference & Application. New York, NY: IES. Lighting Research Center. 1994. Research Results: A Summary of Lighting Research Center Research Projects. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Mills, Evan and Mary Ann Piette. 1993. "Advanced Energy-Efficient Lighting Systems: Progress and Potential." Energy 18(2): 75-97. Mills, Evan, and Nils Borg. 1993. Trends in Recommended Lighting Levels: An International Comparison. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-34565. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). 1992. Building Energy Efficiency. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Ontario Hydro. 1992. Lighting Reference Guide, 5th Edition. Ontario, Canada: Ontario Hydro. August. Vorsatz, Diana. 1996. Exploring U.S. Residential and Commercial Electricity Potentials: Analysis of the Lighting Sector. Doctoral Dissertation Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. Technical Aspects of Specific Lighting Technologies Atkinson, Barbara, Andrea Denver, James E. McMahon, Leslie Shown, and Robert Clear. 1995. "Energy-Efficient Lighting Technologies and Their Applications in the Commercial and Residential Sectors". In CRC Handbook of Energy Efficiency. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 399-427. Audin, L., D. Houghton, M. Shephard, and W. Hawthorne. 1994. Lighting Technology Atlas. Boulder, Colorado: E Source, Inc. Calwell, Chris. 1996. Halogen Torchieres: Cold Facts and Hot Ceilings,. Boulder, CO: E-Source. September. Calwell, Chris. 1997. "Bright Prospects for CFL Torchieres." Home Energy January/February: 13. Conway, Kathryn (editor). 1991. Commercial Lighting Efficiency Resource Book. Troy, New York: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Prepared for Electric Power Research Institute. Report No. CU-7427. September. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 1992. Occupancy Sensors: High-Efficiency Electric Technology Fact Sheet. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 1992. Specular Retrofit Reflectors: High-Efficiency Electric Technology Fact Sheet. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 1993. Compact Fluorescent Lamps: High-Efficiency Electric Technology Fact Sheet. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 1993. Electronic Ballasts: High-Efficiency Electric Technology Fact Sheet. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 1993. High-Intensity Discharge Lighting: Efficient Solutions for Commercial and Industrial Interior Applications. Palo Alto, CA: EPRI. Eley Associates. 1993. Advanced Lighting Guidelines: 1993. San Francisco, CA: Eley Associates. Prepared by Eley Associates, Luminae Souter Lighting Design, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory for the U.S. Department of Energy, California Energy Commission, and Electric Power Research Institute. DOE/EE-0008. Franconi, Ellen, and Francis Rubinstein. 1992. Considering Lighting System Performance and HVAC Interactions in Lighting Retrofit Analyses. In Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, Houston, Texas, October 4-9, 1992, Volume II: pp. 1858-1867. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume IV, Recommendations Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES). 1993. Lighting Handbook: Reference & Application. New York, NY: IES. Ji, Y., and R. Davis. 1996. "Toward More Accurate Predictions of Energy Use and Light Output for 2 by 4 Luminaires." Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society (Winter 1996): 60-67. Kofod, Casper. 1996. " Large CFL Potential in European Homes." IAEEL (International Association for Energy-Efficient Lighting) Newsletter 3/96. Koomey, Jonathan G., Francis X. Johnson, Jennifer Schuman, Ellen Franconi, Steve Greenberg, Jim D. Lutz, Brent T. Griffith, Dariush Aresteh, Celina Atkinson, Kristin Heinemeier, Y. Joe Huang, Lynn Price, Greg Rosenquist, Francis M. Rubinstein, Steve Selkowitz, Haider Taha, and Isaac Turiel. 1994. Buildings Sector Demand-Side Efficiency Technology Summaries. Prepared for the Technology Characterization Database of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-33887. March. Lamp Manufacturer Catalogs (the largest manufacturers are General Electric, Osram Sylvania, and Philips). Manclark, Bruce, and Mike Nelson. 1992. The Grays Harbor PUD Compact Fluorescent Maximization Study. Eugene, OR: Delta-T. April. Manclark, Bruce, Howard Reichmuch, and Mike Nelson. 1992. The Grays Harbor PUD Compact Fluorescent Maximization Study: Lighting Use and Economic Supplement. Eugene, OR: Delta-T. BPA DE-AI79-91BP58689. September. Mills, Evan and Mary Ann Piette. 1993. "Advanced Energy-Efficient Lighting Systems: Progress and Potential." Energy 18(2): 75-97. Mills, Evan, Michael Siminovitch, Erik Page, and Robert Sardinsky. 1996. Dedicated Compact Fluorescent Fixtures: The Next Generation for Residential Lighting. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Energy-Efficient Lighting, Newcastle, UK, pp. 207-216, also Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report No. 3683. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1992. Specifier Reports Supplements: Power Reducers. Volume 1, Issue 2. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March, Revised in August. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1993. Lighting Answers: Multilayer Polarizer Panels. Volume 1, Number 2. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. August. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1993. Lighting Answers: T8 Fluorescent Lamps. Volume 1, Issue 1. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. April. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1993. Specifier Reports: Parking Lot Luminaires. Volume 1, Issue 4. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1994. Lighting Answers: Task Lighting for Offices. Volume 1, Number 3. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. April. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1994. Specifier Reports: Electronic Ballasts. Volume 2, Number 3. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. May. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1994. Specifier Reports: Exit Signs. Volume 2, Number 2. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. November. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1995. Lighting Answers: Electromagnetic Interference Involving Fluorescent Lighting Systems. Volume 2, Number 1. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1995. Lighting Answers: Power Quality. Volume 2, Number 2. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. February. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1995. Lighting Answers: Thermal Effects in 2' X 4' Fluorescent Lighting Systems. Volume 2, Number 3. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1995. Specifier Reports Supplements: Electronic Ballasts. Volume 2, Number 3, Supplement 1. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1995. Specifier Reports Supplements: Exit Signs. Volume 2, Number 2, Supplement 1. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March. National Lighting Product Information Program. 1996. Specifier Reports Supplements: Electronic Ballasts. Volume 2, Number 3, Supplement 2. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. March. Ontario Hydro. 1992. Lighting Reference Guide, 5th Edition. Ontario, Canada: Ontario Hydro. August. Page, E. and M. Siminovitch. 1997. Photometric Assessment of Energy Efficient Torchieres., Berkeley, CA: Lighting System Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Draft Pub # 40507. To be presented to Right Light Four in November 1997, Copenhagen, Denmark. Page, E. and M. Siminovitch. 1997. The Energy Case Against Halogen Torchieres. Berkeley, CA: Lighting System Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Proceedings of Globalcon'97, AEE. April. Piette, Mary Ann, Florentin Krause, and Rudy Verderber. 1988. Technology Assessment: Energy-Efficient Commercial Lighting. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-27032. March. Rea, Mark, and Dorene Maniccia. 1994. Lighting Controls Scoping Study Annotated Bibliography: Lighting Controls. Prepared for California Institute of Energy Efficiency, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, Pacific Gas and Electric, Bonneville Power Administration. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. February. Rundquist, R.A., T. McDougal, and J. Benya. 1996. Lighting Controls: Patterns for Design. Prepared for Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation and the Electric Power Research Institute. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI TR-107230. December. Sezgen, A. Osman, Y. Joe Huang, Barbara A. Atkinson, and Jonathan G. Koomey. 1994. Technology Data Characterizing Lighting in Commercial Buildings: Application to End-Use Forecasting with COMMEND 4.0. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-34243. May. Siminovitch, M., L. Marr, J. Mitchell, and E. Page. 1997. Energy Efficiency Alternatives to Halogen Torchieres. Berkeley, CA: Lighting System Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Pub # 40243. Presented to IESNA in August 1997, Seattle, WA. Summers, K., M. Ungs, and J. Radde. 1995. Information on the Fate of Mercury from Fluorescent Lamps Disposed in Landfills. Palo Alto: Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI TR-104953. Vorsatz, Diana. 1996. Exploring U.S. Residential and Commercial Electricity Potentials: Analysis of the Lighting Sector. Doctoral Dissertation Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. Sector-Specific Lighting Energy Use and Technology Assessment Residential Atkinson, Barbara, James E. McMahon, Evan Mills, Peter Chan, Terry Chan, Joseph H. Eto, Judith D. Jennings, Jonathan G. Koomey, Kenny W. Lo, Matthew Lecar, Lynn Price, Francis Rubinstein, Osman Sezgen, and Tom Wenzel. 1992. Analysis of Federal Policy Options for Improving U.S. Lighting Energy Efficiency: Commercial and Residential Buildings. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-31469. December. Calwell, Chris, Chris Granda, Charlie Stephens, and My Ton. 1996. Energy Efficient Residential Luminaires: Technologies and Strategies for Market Transformation, Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Prepared for the Natural Resources Defense Council. May 13. Campbell, C.J. 1994. Perceptions of Compact Fluorescent Lamps in the Residential Market: Update 1994. Palo Alto: Electric Power Research Institute. TR-104807. November. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 1995. Household Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1993. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA. DOE/EIA-0321(93). October. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 1996. Residential Lighting: Use and Potential Savings. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA. DOE/EIA-0555(96)/2. September. Hanford, James W., Jonathan G. Koomey, Lisa E. Stewart, Matthew E. Lecar, Richard E. Brown, Francis X. Johnson, Roland J. Hwang, and Lynn Price. 1994. Baseline Data for the Residential Sector and Development of a Residential Forecasting Database. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-33717. May. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume I, California Baseline Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume II, Scenarios Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Jennings, J., R. Brown, M. Moezzi, E. Mills, R. Sardinsky, B. Heckendorn, D. Lerman, and L. Tribwell. 1996. Residential Lighting: The Data to Date. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-35484. March. (Also presented at annual conference of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North America in Cleveland, Ohio, August 1996.) Kofod, Casper. 1996. " Large CFL Potential in European Homes." IAEEL (International Association for Energy-Efficient Lighting) Newsletter 3/96. Kofod, Casper, Ali Rahbar, and Laila Naser. 1996. Market Research on the Use of Energy Saving Lamps in the Domestic Sector. Lyngby: DEFU (Research Institute of Danish Electric Utilities). DEFU TR 366. June. Leslie, Russell, and Kathryn Conway. 1993. Research for "The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes", Final Report. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Leslie, Russell, and Kathryn Conway. 1996. The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes, 2nd Edition. New York, NY: McGraw Hill. Manclark, Bruce, and Mike Nelson. 1992. The Grays Harbor PUD Compact Fluorescent Maximization Study. Eugene, OR: Delta-T. April. Manclark, Bruce, Howard Reichmuch, and Mike Nelson. 1992. The Grays Harbor PUD Compact Fluorescent Maximization Study: Lighting Use and Economic Supplement. Eugene, OR: Delta-T. BPA DE-AI79-91BP58689. September. Manclark, Bruce. 1991. "Of Sockets, Housecalls, and Hardware." Home Energy November/December: 22-26. Mills, Evan, Michael Siminovitch, Erik Page, and Robert Sardinsky. 1996. Dedicated Compact Fluorescent Fixtures: The Next Generation for Residential Lighting. In Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Energy-Efficient Lighting, Newcastle, UK, pp. 207-216, also Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Report No. 3683. Pacific Energy Associates Inc. 1996. A Market Transformation Study for the Residential Lighting Market. Portland, OR: Pacific Energy Associates, Inc. Polsby, Emily. 1994. "Putting Energy-Efficient Lighting in Its Place." Home Energy 11(6): 41-44. Rasky, L. 1993. "Consumers and Compact Fluorescents." Home Energy 10(6): 11-13. Siminovitch, Michael, and Evan Mills. 1994. "Fixing the Fixtures." Home Energy 11(6): 47-49. Tribwell, Lyle S., and David I. Lerman. 1996. Baseline Residential Lighting Energy Use Study in 1996 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 3. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy. Weiner, J., and C. J. Campbell. 1992. Perceptions of Compact Fluorescent Lamps in the Residential Market. Prepared by Macro Consulting for the Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI-TR-100734. July 1992. Non-Residential Atkinson, Barbara, James E. McMahon, Evan Mills, Peter Chan, Terry Chan, Joseph H. Eto, Judith D. Jennings, Jonathan G. Koomey, Kenny W. Lo, Matthew Lecar, Lynn Price, Francis Rubinstein, Osman Sezgen, and Tom Wenzel. 1992. Analysis of Federal Policy Options for Improving U.S. Lighting Energy Efficiency: Commercial and Residential Buildings. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-31469. December. Conway, Kathryn (editor). 1991. Commercial Lighting Efficiency Resource Book. Troy, New York: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Prepared for Electric Power Research Institute. Report No. CU-7427. September. Conway, Kathryn, Russell Leslie, Marcia Ward, and Suzanne Hartleb. 1990. Commercial Lighting Efficiency Program, Phase 1: Feasibility Study. Troy, New York: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Prepared for the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. August 20. Energy Information Administration (EIA). 1992. Lighting in Commercial Buildings. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Energy, EIA. DOE/EIA-0555(92)/1. March. Goldstein, D. B., and R. K. Watson. 1988. Deriving and Testing Power Budgets for Energy Efficient Lighting in Nonresidential Buildings in the Proceedings of the 1988 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 3. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy. Gordon, Fred, and Les Tumidaj. 1995. Opportunities for Market Transformation for Commercial Lighting Remodeling. Portland, OR: Pacific Energy Associates, Inc. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume I, California Baseline Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume II, Scenarios Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Piette, Mary Ann, Florentin Krause, and Rudy Verderber. 1988. Technology Assessment: Energy-Efficient Commercial Lighting. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-27032. March. Sezgen, A. Osman, Y. Joe Huang, Barbara A. Atkinson, and Jonathan G. Koomey. 1994. Technology Data Characterizing Lighting in Commercial Buildings: Application to End-Use Forecasting with COMMEND 4.0. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-34243. May. Sezgen, Osman, and Jonathan Koomey. 1997. Interactions Between Lighting and Space Conditioning Energy Use in U.S. Commercial Buildings. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBNL-39795. November. Market-Related Lighting Information Borg, Nils. 1994. " Global CFL Sales." IAEEL (International Association for Energy-Efficient Lighting) Newsletter 4/94: 9-10. Campbell, C.J. 1994. Perceptions of Compact Fluorescent Lamps in the Residential Market: Update 1994. Palo Alto: Electric Power Research Institute. TR-104807. November. Campbell, C.J., J. Weiner, and R. Cannedy. 1993. Market Infrastructure and Compact Fluorescent Lamps. Palo Alto: Electric Power Research Institute. TR-102120. March. Census Bureau. Current Industrial Reports for electric lamps (published through 1994), electric lighting fixtures (published quarterly), and fluorescent lamp ballasts (published quarterly). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce. Davis, Fred. 1991. Engines of Energy Innovation: The Role of Smaller Manufacturers of Efficient Lighting Products in Proceedings of the 1991 Right Light Bright Light Conference, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 239-247. Economic Industry Reports, Inc. (EIRI). 1995. The U.S. Lighting Fixtures Industry: An Economic and Market Study, 1995-96 Edition, Volumes I and II. Raleigh, North Carolina: EIRI. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). 1993. Drivers of Electricity Growth and the Role of Utility Demand-Side Management. Palo Alto: EPRI. TR-102639. August. Eto, J., C. Goldman, and M.S. Kito. 1996. " Ratepayer-Funded Energy Efficiency Programs in a Restructured Electricity Industry." The Electricity Journal August/September: 71-81. Eto, Joseph, and Eric Hirst. 1996. " What Kind of Future for Energy Efficiency?" The Electricity Journal June: 76-82. Gough, A., and R. Blevins. 1992. Survey and Forecast of Marketplace Supply and Demand for Energy-Efficient Lighting Products: Final Report. Prepared for California Institute for Energy Efficiency, U.S. EPA - Global Change Division, U.S. DOE - Federal Energy Management Program, and Electric Power Research Institute. Palo Alto, CA: Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI TR-100288. December. Haddad, Brent M. 1994. Why Compact Fluorescent Lamps Are Not Ubiquitous: Industrial Organization, Incentives, and Social Convention in Proceedings of 1994 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 10. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume III, Market Barriers Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IES). 1996. "1996 Lighting Equipment & Accessories Directory." Lighting Design + Application 26(3): March. Kofod, Casper, Ali Rahbar, and Laila Naser. 1996. Market Research on the Use of Energy Saving Lamps in the Domestic Sector. Lyngby: DEFU (Research Institute of Danish Electric Utilities). DEFU TR 366. June. Koomey, J.G., A. H. Sanstad, and L. J. Shown. 1995. Magnetic Fluorescent Ballasts: Market Data, Market Imperfections, and Policy Success. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-37702. December. Leslie, Russell, and Kathryn Conway. 1993. Research for "The Lighting Pattern Book for Homes", Final Report. Troy, NY: Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. McDougall, G. H. G., and D. Snetsinger. 1993. "Loblaws". In Marketing Challenges: Cases and Exercises. C. H. Lovelock and C. B. Weinberg, eds. New York: McGraw-Hill. Rasky, L. 1993. "Consumers and Compact Fluorescents." Home Energy 10(6):11-13. Vorsatz, Diana. 1996. Exploring U.S. Residential and Commercial Electricity Potentials: Analysis of the Lighting Sector. Doctoral Dissertation Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles. Weiner, J., and C. J. Campbell. 1992. Perceptions of Compact Fluorescent Lamps in the Residential Market. Prepared by Macro Consulting for the Electric Power Research Institute. EPRI-TR-100734. July 1992. Lighting Policy, Innovative Efficiency Programs, and Market Transformation Atkinson, Barbara, James E. McMahon, and Steve Nadel. 1995. "U.S. Lighting Standards: A Review of Federal and State Lighting Efficiency Regulations." Light & Engineering 3(1). Atkinson, Barbara, James E. McMahon, Evan Mills, Peter Chan, Terry Chan, Joseph H. Eto, Judith D. Jennings, Jonathan G. Koomey, Kenny W. Lo, Matthew Lecar, Lynn Price, Francis Rubinstein, Osman Sezgen, and Tom Wenzel. 1992. Analysis of Federal Policy Options for Improving U.S. Lighting Energy Efficiency: Commercial and Residential Buildings. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-31469. December. Atkinson, Barbara, James E. McMahon, Terrence Logee, Carol Jones, and Joanne Lindsley. 1995.U.S. Lighting Regulations: 1995 Update in Proceedings of the Right Light Three Conference, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England. Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). 1995. Market Transformation Guide. Portland, OR: BPA. Brown, Richard, and Barbara Atkinson. 1994. Incandescent Reflector Lamp Energy Efficiency Standard Analysis: Draft Report. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Draft LBL-36223. September. California Energy Commission (CEC). 1995. Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings. Sacramento, CA: CEC. Report No. P400-95-001. July. Calwell, Chris, Chris Granda, Charlie Stephens, and My Ton. 1996. Energy Efficient Residential Luminaires: Technologies and Strategies for Market Transformation, Final Report. Washington, DC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Prepared for the Natural Resources Defense Council. May 13. Conway, Kathryn. 1995. "Procuring Energy Efficient Technologies: A Review of Works by Hans Westling." Energy Services Journal 1(2): 159-163. Energy-Efficient Procurement Collaborative Inc. 1996. Data Sources Directory for Purchasing Officials: Energy-Efficient and Environmentally Preferred Products. Albany, NY: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. July. Eto, Joseph, and Eric Hirst. 1996. " What Kind of Future for Energy Efficiency?" The Electricity Journal June: 76-82. Eto, Joseph, Edward Vine, Leslie Shown, Richard Sonnenblick, and Chris Payne. 1996. "The Total Cost and Measured Performance of Utility-Sponsored Energy Efficiency Programs." The Energy Journal 17(1): 31-51. Eto, Joseph, Suzie Kito, Leslie Shown, and Richard Sonnenblick. 1995. Where Did the Money Go? The Cost and Performance of the Largest Commercial Sector DSM Programs. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Report No. LBL-38201. December. Feldman, Shel. 1994. Market Transformation: Hot Topic or Hot Air? In Proceedings of the ACEEE 1994 Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Asilomar, CA, pp. 8-37-8.47. Geller, H. S., and P. M. Miller. 1988. 1988 Lighting Ballast Efficiency Standards: Analysis of Electricity and Economic Savings. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. Geller, Howard, and Steve Nadel. 1994. Market Transformation Strategies to Promote End-Use Efficiency. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy. Gordon, Fred, and Les Tumidaj. 1995. Opportunities for Market Transformation for Commercial Lighting Remodeling. Portland, OR: Pacific Energy Associates, Inc. Harrigan, Merrilee. 1994. " Can We Transform the Market Without Transforming the Customer?" Home Energy January/February: 17-23. Hastie, Steve, et al. 1996. Market Transformation In a Changing Utility Environment. Bala Cynwyd, PA: Synergic Resources Corporation. Heschong Mahone Group. 1997. Lighting Efficiency Technology Report: Volume IV, Recommendations Report. Prepared for California Energy Commission, Sacramento. Fair Oaks, CA: Heschong Mahone Group. CEC Contract #400-95-012. May 30. Johnson, Francis, Aimee McKane, and Jeffrey Harris. 1996. Development of Federal Energy Efficiency Product Recommendations in 1996 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 2. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy. Koomey, J.G., A. H. Sanstad, and L. J. Shown. 1995. Magnetic Fluorescent Ballasts: Market Data, Market Imperfections, and Policy Success. Berkeley, CA: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. LBL-37702. December. McKane, Aimee, and Jeffrey Harris. 1996. Changing Government Purchasing Practices: Promoting Energy Efficiency on a Budget in the Proceedings of the 1996 ACEEE Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Vol. 5. Washington, DC: American Council for an Energy Efficiency Economy. Meyers, Edward, Stephen Hastie, and Grace Hu. 1997. " The Next Steps for Market Transformation." The Electricity Journal 10(4): 34-41. Mills, Evan. 1993. " Efficient Lighting Programs in Europe: Cost Effectiveness, Consumer Response, and Market Dynamics." Energy 18(2): 131-144. National Lighting Collaborative. 1996. What is LER?: Announcing the New Luminaire Energy Information Program. Rosslyn, VA: National Lighting Collaborative. July. Office of Technology Assessment (OTA). 1992. Building Energy Efficiency. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Pacific Energy Associates Inc. 1996. A Market Transformation Study for the Residential Lighting Market. Portland, OR: Pacific Energy Associates, Inc. The Results Center. 1995. Southern California Edison: CFB & CFL Manufacturers' Rebates. Publication no. 113. Aspen, CO: IRT Environment, Inc. The Results Center. 1995. Super Efficient Refrigerator Program. Publication no. 106. Aspen, CO: IRT Environment, Inc. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 1997. Building on Our Success: Green Lights and ENERGY STAR Buildings 1996 Year in Review. Washington, DC: EPA. EPA 430-R-97-002. May. U.S. House of Representatives. 1992. Energy Policy Act of 1992. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. Vorsatz, Diana. 1996. Exploring U.S. Residential and Commercial Electricity Potentials: Analysis of the Lighting Sector. Doctoral Dissertation Thesis, University of California, Los Angeles.  For a complete list of the lighting-related publications of the Building Technologies Program at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, contact Pat Ross: phone: (510) 486-6845, fax: (510) 486-4089, e-mail: plross@lbl.gov. B- ~h (Lighting References) mately 85% of household lighting energy is consumed by incandescents, and about 30% of household lamps account for approximately 80% of household lighting energy use. 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